Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic cancer due to its tendency to be
diagnosed at an advanced stage. In an attempt to change this, several cancer
organizations have published a list of possible ovarian cancer symptoms.18 These
symptoms include bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full
quickly, or urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency). Women who experience these
symptoms almost daily for more than a few weeks are encouraged to see a doctor,
preferably a gynecologist.
Cancerous ovarian tumors can originate from
cells covering or lining the ovaries, germ cells (cells that are destined to form eggs), or
sex cord-stromal cells (cells that secrete hormones and connect the different structures
of the ovaries). The majority of ovarian cancers develop from cells in the lining of the
ovary.
Treatment of ovarian cancer varies by stage of the disease.
Stage I: Cancer is found in one or both of the ovaries.
Stage II: Cancer is found in the ovaries and has spread to the uterus (womb), the
fallopian tubes, or other areas within the pelvis. Cancer cells may also be found in abdominal fluid.
Stage III: Cancer is found in the ovaries and has spread to other body locations within
the abdomen, such as the surface of the liver, intestine or lymph nodes.
Stage IV: Cancer is found in the ovaries and has spread outside the abdomen or inside of the liver.
American Cancer Society: About Staging
Treatments for ovarian cancer include surgery and chemotherapy. In addition to
systemic (whole-body) chemotherapy, patients with ovarian cancer may receive
intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy involves the administration
of chemotherapy drugs directly into the abdominal cavity. It is important for patients to
remember that treatment is determined by the stage and other specific characteristics of
the cancer. Patients should speak with their doctor to discuss the individual risks and
benefits of each treatment option.
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